Active & Passive Voice — नियम व रूपांतर

Voice हा tenses नंतरचा सर्वात महत्त्वाचा घटक आहे. tenses पक्के असतील तर Voice अत्यंत सोपे होते.

मूळ संकल्पना

• Active Voice — कर्ता क्रिया करतो. *Ram writes a letter.*
• Passive Voice — कर्मावर क्रिया घडते. *A letter is written by Ram.*

रूपांतराच्या चार पायऱ्या

1. 1.Active मधील Object हा Passive मध्ये Subject होतो
2. 2.योग्य form of be (is/am/are/was/were/been/being) लावा — tense नुसार
3. 3.मुख्य verb चे V3 (past participle) रूप वापरा
4. 4.Active मधील Subject हा by + object form होऊन शेवटी येतो

Tense-wise रचना

महत्त्वाची नोंद: Perfect Continuous काळांचे Passive रूप सामान्यतः केले जात नाही.

विशेष प्रकार

Imperative sentences - *Open the door.* → **Let the door be opened.** - *Do not touch it.* → **Let it not be touched.**

Interrogative sentences - *Did he write a letter?* → **Was a letter written by him?** - *Who wrote this?* → **By whom was this written?**

Modal verbs - *He can write.* → **It can be written by him.** - *You should help him.* → **He should be helped by you.**

Pronoun बदल

सोडवलेली उदाहरणे

1. 1.*She is cooking food.* → Food is being cooked by her.
2. 2.*They have completed the work.* → The work has been completed by them.
3. 3.*The teacher will teach us.* → We will be taught by the teacher.
4. 4.*Someone stole my bag.* → My bag was stolen. (कर्ता अनिश्चित असल्यास *by someone* वगळता येते)

परीक्षेतील ट्रिक प्रथम Active वाक्याचा **tense ओळखा**, मग तक्त्यातील योग्य be-form वापरा. मुख्य verb नेहमी **V3** मध्येच राहते — हे लक्षात ठेवल्यास चुका टळतात.