Direct & Indirect Speech — रूपांतराचे नियम

Narration हा नियमबद्ध घटक आहे. tenses पक्के असतील तर हा भाग सोपा होतो.

मूळ संकल्पना

• Direct Speech — बोलणाऱ्याचे शब्द जसेच तसे. *He said, "I am busy."*
• Indirect Speech — त्याच अर्थाचे स्वतःच्या शब्दांत. *He said that he was busy.*

रूपांतराच्या पायऱ्या

1. 1.Inverted commas व comma काढा; that जोडा
2. 2.Pronoun बदला
3. 3.Tense बदला
4. 4.वेळ व स्थळदर्शक शब्द बदला

Reporting verb भूतकाळात असल्यास Tense बदल

महत्त्वाचा अपवाद: Reporting verb वर्तमानकाळात असल्यास tense बदलत नाही. *He says that he is busy.*

दुसरा अपवाद: Universal truth चा tense बदलत नाही. *The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.*

Pronoun बदल — SON नियम

• Subject चा pronoun → reporting verb च्या Subject नुसार
• Object चा pronoun → reporting verb च्या Object नुसार
• No change → Third person मध्ये बदल नाही

उदाहरण: He said to me, "I will help you." → He said to me that he would help me.

वेळ व स्थळदर्शक शब्द

वाक्यप्रकारानुसार रूपांतर

Assertive (विधानार्थी) **that** वापरा. Reporting verb: said / told *He said, "I am tired."* → *He said that he was tired.*

Interrogative (प्रश्नार्थी) Reporting verb: **asked / enquired**. that वापरू नये.

- Wh-question — wh-word तसाच ठेवा *He said, "Where do you live?"* → *He asked where I lived.* - Yes/No question — if / whether वापरा *He said, "Are you coming?"* → *He asked if I was coming.*

महत्त्वाचे: Indirect मध्ये प्रश्नाची रचना विधानाची होते — do/does/did काढून टाकावे लागते.

Imperative (आज्ञार्थी) **to + V1** वापरा. Reporting verb अर्थानुसार: - आज्ञा → **ordered / commanded** - विनंती → **requested** - सल्ला → **advised** - नकार → **forbade** किंवा *not to*

*He said, "Open the door."* → *He ordered me to open the door.* *He said, "Please help me."* → *He requested me to help him.* *He said, "Don't go there."* → *He forbade me to go there.*

Exclamatory (उद्गारार्थी) Reporting verb: **exclaimed with joy / sorrow / surprise**

*She said, "What a beautiful sight!"* → *She exclaimed with joy that it was a very beautiful sight.*

Optative (इच्छादर्शक) Reporting verb: **wished / prayed** *He said, "May you succeed!"* → *He wished that I might succeed.*

सरावाची पद्धत वाक्यप्रकार आधी ओळखा — तोच reporting verb व रचना ठरवतो. नंतर pronoun, tense व वेळदर्शक शब्द या क्रमाने बदल करा.